Market scenario: demand and supply Essay

The market circumstance is with the end goal that the creation of PCs and the pace of innovation have outpaced the general development sought after for PCs. All the more critically the expansion in the interest for PCs has been in stages when a move popular has caused a slight increment in PC costs. The decrease in costs is likewise obvious in light of move of innovation among various locales of the globe. Huge numbers of the creating nations have gotten innovation and less expensive PCs from the created world which has additionally expanded the procedure of better mechanical development and consistently declining costs of PCs. There is likewise an instance of understanding that PCs are a kind of machine that must be remodeled or reestablished intermittently hence numerous organizations are happy to sell them at lower costs realizing that costumers will purchase new machines later on and they will put resources into more current innovation. Along these lines PC producers have been seeking after brand holding systems which incorporates offering PCs to purchasers at serious rates. On the off chance that we take a gander at the above graph we become acquainted with that as the interest expanded and moved to demand’ there was likewise an adjustment in the flexibly bend toward the correct which was driven by higher creation on account of more current innovation, and lower costs. Another critical viewpoint is identified with how gracefully bend moved to directly to such an extent that it defeated the expansion sought after and guaranteed that costs really declined throughout the years. We additionally need to see how costs declined throughout the years and supported the amount requested of PCs. From 1963 to 2003 genuine costs of PCs have been reliably falling; this bit of measurement in itself clarifies how costs and in the long run costs of PCs have pushed down throughout the decades. The market mechanics are such in the innovation business that opposition and the acknowledgment of new items and the expansion of new organizations continues existing firms on their tows particularly as far as the expense of creation as it is one of the significant methods of expanding edges without climbing the costs. Accessibility or the danger that later on better items will evenntually remove the market of the current items drives the innovation business. This attention on development and making of new items breeds effectiveness and higher efficiency that prompts better costs for the shopper. End It must be comprehended that the manner in which innovation showcase works is totally not the same as numerous conventional markets that we see around us. This is an aftereffect of the new elements that innovation organizations carry with them for example organizations like HP, IBM, Apple and Dell battle for various costumer target bunches with items that take into account that specific objective markets needs. The primary concern is that inside these classifications costs keep on falling despite the fact that there is a total ascent popular. This expansion popular could be clarified in two different ways. Right off the bat, the expansion in the amount requested kept on expanding because of fall in costs. This occured on the grounds that because of mechanical progressions and better creation strategies cost of creation fell and there was an expanded interest for various variations, PCs and handheld gadgets which kept the opposition strong and costs low. Furthermore the expansion sought after could be clarified as the move in the interest bend yet this move was upheld by a more grounded move in the gracefully bend because of great flexibly factors all through the world. The essential necessities to deliver PCs turned out to be progressively accessible both regarding work and crude material. Thus more up to date mechanical headways made more established advances excess and this required much more noteworthy development and item creation. In which ever way we take a gander at it the progressions in both flexibly and request have brought about lower costs over the long haul. Another significant angle to item drove markets, for example, the PC showcase is that every new item should be sufficiently valued in light of the fact that organizations acquire benefits because of volume and rehash buys not on account of one time buys and significant expenses. This factor additionally pushes starting costs descending as organizations need customers to initially like the item by atleast making the clench hand buy. The PC advertise gets affected by the dispatch of new things, for example, Ipods, handheld gadgets and other figuring gadgets which can substitute crafted by PCs consequently costs have constantly observed a descending pattern. The declining value patterns highlight a sound market and towards an industry which has developed quickly in the previous barely any decade. It must be comprehended that in a perfect world the means of all organizations are towards giving less expensive and progressively effective items however crude material and other factor costs push the last items higher than past level; yet with the innovation business the situation is somewhat turned around, the expense of creation has reliably declined all the more so in light of the fact that numerous organizations had the option to redistribute such a significant number of their creation offices to numerous pieces of the world which offer loosened up guidelines and less expensive work. This has implied a significantly more prominent open door towards diminished expenses of future items. List of sources: Lipsey G. Richard and Chrystal K, 2007. Financial matters, Oxford University Press. Glazer, Hirshleifer, 2005. Value hypothesis and applications: choices, markets, and data, Cambridge University Press Sameulson, Nordhaus, 2005. Microeconomics. McGraw-Hill, 2005 Lipsey and Chrystal, 2007. The market for PC chips, saw February 5, 2010 http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/receptacle/9780199286416/01student/intuitive/lipsey_extra_ch03/page_01. htm Employment Policy Foundation, 2002. Financial Impact and Characteristics of the Computer Business Services Industry Cohen, Robert, 1995, The monetary effect of data innovation saw February, 6 2010 < http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1094/is_n4_v30/ai_17603698/>.

Approaches To Environmental Ethics And KantS Principle Essays

Ways to deal with Environmental Ethics And Kant'S Principle 1. The entirety of the three ways to deal with natural morals use Kants standard to different degrees. The contrasts between them lie in their individual meanings of good classes. Its like taking a gander at a similar slide under three distinct powers on a magnifying instrument. Each approach depends on Kants guideline to ensure the enthusiasm of that which they esteem commendable. Baxters human-centric methodology obviously expresses that our commitments with respect to the earth are to be resolved exclusively based on human interests. Our government assistance relies upon breathable air, drinkable water and eatable food. Consequently, dirtying nature to the degree that it harms the air, water and land is inadmissible in light of the fact that it harms open government assistance. Creatures and plants are considered non-reasonable creatures and are thusly not considered in a similar good class as people. In any case, Baxter doesn't support of mass pulverization of these items since individuals do rely upon them from various perspectives and they ought to be safeguarded to the extent that people rely upon them. Clean air and water are useful for plants and creatures, as well, so they will profit by humankinds regard for ecological morals, however their safeguarding will not the slightest bit overshadow any human interests. We change the force on the magnifying instrument to take a gander at Rollins contention for a sentientist approach. With this view, the ethical class incorporates every single conscious being, not simply individuals. Rollins accepts that any being having a familiarity with the faculties that doesn't include thought or discernment has natural worth and is an end-in-themselves. He battles that creature intrigues should likewise be viewed as while deciding our ecological commitments. In this manner, we may have an ethical commitment to safeguard some normal living space that is of no incentive to people if its decimation would hurt some non-individuals. Another change in accordance with the magnifying lens, and we can analyze Leopolds biocentric assessment of how natural morals ought to be represented. His methodology develops the ethical classification to incorporate soils, waters, plants and creatures and cases our commitment is to save the trustworthiness, strength and magnificence of the biotic network. Logicians Devall and Sessions further characterize the biocentric see with the idea of profound environment. Devall and Sessions contend that the prosperity and thriving of human and non-human life have an incentive in themselves. These qualities are free of the convenience of the non-human world for human purposes. (503) 2. Self-sufficiency and freedom have nearly similar definitions and I accept that both Nielson and Hospers were attempting to pass on a similar point, and yet have various perspectives on the two appeared by the setting they utilized them in. Nielson states, A self-sufficient individual is an individual who can set her finishes for herself and in ideal conditions can seek after those closures. (359) In Hospers clarification of his second arrangement of human rights, the privilege to freedom, he states there ought to be no laws trading off in any capacity opportunity of speechThere ought to be no censorshipby government. (353) Comparing these two understandings, we see that both are basically expressing that an individual has the option to do anything they if you don't mind and on account of freedom, the privilege not to have impedance by the network or the legislature. The distinction can be seen unmistakably by utilizing the worker model. Nielson claims that laborers reserve the opt ion to do what they need and Hospers announces that they have the benefit to work and the proprietors have the last say about what the laborers do. Thus, according to these two creators, independence is inborn while freedom is earned. Anybody can be self-ruling while in the event that an individual doesnt regard different people groups rights, at that point they won't gain the privilege to freedom and opportunity. The possibility of opportunity and freedom appear to exemplify a similar head. Nielson pronounces Freedom doesn't just mean being self-governing; it likewise implies the nonappearance of unjustified political and social impedance in the quest for ones finishes. (359) Therefore, in the event that one is self-governing they reserve the privileges to live their lives to their understanding. To have freedom and opportunity, in any case, one can carry on with their life to their picking, yet should not contrarily encroach on another people life. 3.

THE GOLD-BUG The Edgar Allan Poe Story Youve Never Heard Of

THE GOLD-BUG The Edgar Allan Poe Story Youve Never Heard Of For modern readers, Edgar Allan Poe is synonymous with Gothic tales of horror and dark poetry, like The Raven or The Tell-Tale Heart. But during his lifetime, that wasnt the case. Instead, by far his most successful and famous story was one little-known today: The Gold-Bug. In The Gold-Bug, our unnamed narrator meets with an old acquaintance, William Legrand, who lives on an island near Charleston, South Carolina. Legrand is in one of his fits…of enthusiasm, having just discovered what he believes is a unknown species of beetle. So imagine how excited he gets when he realizes that, in collecting the bug, his black servant Jupiter accidentally grabbed a scrap of paper with a code revealing the location of Captain Kidds lost treasure. The beetle, which he had suffered to descend, was now visible at the end of the string. Byam Shaw, 1909. The Gold-Bug was the first work of fiction to incorporate cryptography into the plot. In fact, the very word cryptograph was invented by Poe and used for the first time in this story. It inspired future cryptologists for generations to come (including William F. Friedman, an American famous in cryptographic circles for breaking Japans PURPLE code in WWII), and dozens of writers all over the world. Think Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island, Junichiro Tanizakis Devils in Daylight, or The Gold Bug Variations by Richard Powers. Its entirely plausible that the science of cryptanalysis as we know it today wouldnt exist without The Gold-Bug. “Finding the Treasure,” woodcut engraving based on the illustration by F. O. C. Darley. Dollar Newspaper, June 21, 1843. Before Poe, cryptography was a complete mystery to most people. Simple substitution ciphers like the one in The Gold-Bug were considered unbreakable unless you possessed the key to decode them. But Poes knowledge of language and obsession with logic, or ratiocination, made him realize that any code could be broken. And he showed people exactly how to do it. In 1839, four years before the publication of The Gold-Bug, Poe published an article in Alexanders Weekly Messenger where he challenged the readers to send him coded messages, stating, It would be by no means a labor lost to show how great a degree of rigid method enters into enigma-guessing. This may sound oddly; but it is not more strange than the well know fact that rules really exist, by means of which it is easy to decipher any species of hieroglyphical writingâ€"that is to say writing where, in place of alphabetical letters, any kind of marks are made use of at random. For example, in place of A put % or any other arbitrary characterâ€"in place of B, a *, etc., etc. Let an entire alphabet be made in this manner, and then let this alphabet be used in any piece of writing. Poe knew that the frequency of letters in the messages would be the key to breaking the codes. This is a pretty basic code breaking technique by modern standards, but at the time was groundbreaking. Poes cipher challenge became a huge hit: he received hundreds of coded messages from all over the country, and indeed solved them all except for one that, we fully proved…a jargon of random characters, having no meaning whatsoever.* Captain Kidd hiding his treasure. From Poes Tales of Mystery and Imagination. Illustrated by Arthur Rackham, 1935. Realizing the publics fascination with code breaking, Poe decided to write a story specifically for his cipher-fanatic audience. Throw in  buried treasure, an exotic very singular island, mystery, madness, andâ€"a must in any good treasure hunting taleâ€"the spectre of death, and you have an intense tale of adventure that captured peoples imagination and made Poe a household name. The story won a $100 grand prizeâ€"the most Poe was ever paid for a single piece of writing during his lifetimeâ€"and publication in the Dollar Newspaper, becoming an instant success. It was The Gold-Bugâ€"not The Raven or The Tell-Tale Heartâ€"that drew standing room-only crowds to Poes lectures and established his international fan base in countries as far flung as France, Russia, and Japan. Illustration from Jules Vernes essay Edgard Poë et ses oeuvres, 1862. By Frederic Lix or Yan Dargent. So if The Gold-Bug is so awesome, why isnt it more widely read today? The answer is two-fold. One, the code used in the story is pretty simple. What was new and exciting in 1843 is something gradeschoolers are taught today, which takes a lot of the wow factor out of the story for adults. Its still a fun story, just probably not something youd get into unless you were a kid. Secondly, theres Poes treatment of Jupiter, which is problematic to say the least. Jupiter is a former slave who refused to abandon Legrand even after he was freed. Poe probably intended Jupiter to serve as comic relief, but in reality his portrayal of the character is ridiculously stereotyped. And thats a shame because Jupiter is the only sympathetic character in the entire story. In particular, Jupiters dialect is head-scratchingly strange and hackneyed. Take this exchange between Jupiter and the narrator, for example: “Well, Jup,” said I, “what is the matter now?â€"how is your master?” “Why, to speak de troof, massa, him not so berry well as mought be.” “Not well! I am truly sorry to hear it. What does he complain of?” “Dar! dat’s it!â€"him neber plain ob notinâ€"but him berry sick for all dat.” “Very sick, Jupiter!â€"why didn’t you say so at once? Is he confined to bed?” “No, dat he aint!â€"he aint find nowharâ€"dat’s just whar de shoe pinchâ€"my mind is got to be berry hebby bout poor Massa Will.” This is obviously nothing like how slaves (or anyone, for that matter) talked. Its just a dialect that Poe made up, which in itself is a mystery. Poe spent plenty of time in the south during his military career, and grew up only a few blocks away from a slave market in Richmond, Virginia. Its hard to believe he would have never spoken to a black person. Why wouldnt he simply draw from what he knew instead of inventing a strange new dialect? Illustration by Herpin for a 1895 edition of Poes The Tales and Poems. Of course, the obvious answer is that he was racist and didnt GAF if Jupiters dialect was accurate or not as long as he sounded black. But perhaps Jupiters odd way of speaking might be a code within a code. Poe was known to hide messages into seemingly ordinary poems and stories, a special type of cryptography called steganography. The problem with steganography is that, once the rules of the secret message are set, you have to write around it, which could explain the odd spelling and format of Jupiters dialog. Some have speculated that Poes more oddly worded and organized worksâ€"like Eureka,  his weird poetical essay on cosmology where he basically came up with the idea of the Big Bangâ€"contain codes that have yet to be uncovered. The idea that Jupiter might be speaking in code doesnt negate Poes treatment of the character, and it might not even be true. But it does show what kind of story The Gold-Bug is, and why it inspired so many people both artistically and scientifically. On the surface its a riddle within a riddle: The riddle of whats wrong with Legrand while he solves the riddle of Captain Kidds treasure. But the riddle never feels fully revealed. Theres always a sense that theres more to the storyâ€"an obsession not fully quenched, or only just begun to foster. In The Gold-Bug, as in so many of Poes stories, ones left feeling it only scratches the surface of what the man himself knew. “The Treasure Revealed,” original ink wash sketch by F. O. C. Darley, 1843. *There are actually two exceptions, but thats too complicated to go into detail here. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

The Key Components Of Anxiety Disorders And The Methods Of...

This research paper will explore eight articles that report on results from research conducted online on the key components of anxiety disorders and the methods congetitve behavioral theory. The articles will explore the treatments and outcomes of CBT on patients, who were diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. The research papers examines _________ research in relation to the other articles to suggest that CBT is productive form of treatments of anxierty disorders. The history of Congetive Behavioral Therapy can be traced to the 1960’s when the psychodynamic perspective was questioned. The Behavior therapy gained a prominence. However, back in the 60’s, these therapies were controversial and relegated to the treatment of behavior dysfunction in severely disordered children .(Puleo,Settipani,Brodman,Emunds,Communigs, Kendall, 2011). Yet, in the 1970’s, cognitive behavioral therapy reached higher functioning individuals, integrated the role of cognitive processing, and incorporated a focus on emotion. The transition did not happen over night, but in the end, social cognitive processing, the psychology of self-control, and emotion regulation were melded into behavioral intervention and, eventually, emerging as multifaceted, widely applicable, extensively practiced, and well reached CBT of the present day.( Puleo,Settipani,Brodman,Emunds,Communigs, Kendall, 2011). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a method of assisting individuals to indetify andShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorders Introduction to the paper Anxiety is a component found within many other mental disorders. The most common is depression. There are a number of anxiety disorders in the DSM, we will be looking at generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). 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Diceratops Facts and Figures

You can learn a lot about Greek numbers by studying ceratopsian (horned face) dinosaurs and their distant and not-so-distant relatives. Theres no such animal (yet) as Monoceratops, but Diceratops, Triceratops, Tetraceratops, and Pentaceratops make for a nice progression (alluding to two, three, four and five horns, as indicated by the Greek roots di, tri, tetra and penta). An important note, though: Tetraceratops wasnt a ceratopsian or even a dinosaur, but a therapsid (mammal-like reptile) of the early Permian period. The dinosaur we call Diceratops also rests on shaky ground, but for another reason. This late Cretaceous ceratopsian was diagnosed at the turn of the 20th century by the famous paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh, on the basis on a single, two-horned skull lacking the characteristic nasal horn of Triceratops--and given the name Diceratops, by another scientist, a few years after Marshs death. Some paleontologists believe this skull actually belonged to a deformed Triceratops, and others say Diceratops should properly be assigned to the synonymous genus Nedoceratops (insufficient horned face.) If, in fact, Diceratops winds up reverting to Nedoceratops, then the possibility exists that Nedoceratops was directly ancestral to Triceratops (this last, most famous ceratopsian only awaiting the evolutionary development of a third prominent horn, which should only have taken a few million years). If thats not confusing enough, another option has been touted by the famously iconoclastic paleontologist Jack Horner: perhaps Diceratops, aka Nedoceratops, was actually a juvenile Triceratops, in the same way Torosaurus may have been an unusually elderly Triceratops with a grotesquely overwrought skull. The truth, as always, awaits further fossil discoveries. Diceratops Facts Name: Diceratops (Greek for two-horned face); pronounced die-SEH-rah-tops; also known as NedoceratopsHabitat: Woodlands of North AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (70 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 15 feet long and 2-3 tonsDiet: PlantsDistinguishing Characteristics: Two horns; odd holes on sides of the skull

Of Mice and Men Commentary - 958 Words

Of Mice and Men is a novel written by the 1962 Nobel Prize winner, John Steinbeck. It is an emotional tale of the extraordinary friendship between George and Lennie, who are traveling workers in the harsh depression years of the 1930s. George is a caring person whose love to Lennie is just like a father-son relationship, where Lennie, a mentally challenged man whose strength lies in body rather than brain, appears to be very dependent on George. Of Mice and Men teaches a universal theme about the nature of human beings that a person whose power exists over another turns corrupt. Steinbeck exploits the theme of power and control in his novel through the extensive use of sexism, racial discrimination, and the power of the strong over the†¦show more content†¦The stronger, in this case man (Carlson), mercilessly shoots Candys dog, who knew nothing of his grief fate. Candy then sees his reflection upon the killing of his dog, that he will soon get too old and therefore useless, which will then have him left alone. This pushes him into desperately asking George to permit him to join with him and Lennie for the pursuit of their own dream ranch, Thas three hundred an fifty bucks Id put in, I aint much good, but I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some. On the contrary, Curley is a man who takes advantage of his authority and power to oppress and mock others to make himself seem stronger and even more powerful. He uses his power and gender to boss around with workers of his ranch and his wife, respectively. However, when he chose to do so towards Lennie, Lennie reacts angrily and smashes his hand. Through the intense use of sexism, racial discrimination, and the power of the strong over the weak, Steinbeck successfully exploits the theme of power and control. Whether it is mentally, physically, or money wise, power seems to be moving from one person to another depending on the situation. Perhaps it really is the roots of evil; that occurs as a result of someone realizing his power over others, and then uses it for his own personal desires, while taking advantage of others. In otherShow MoreRelatedSocial Commentary on Sexism in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbek1003 Words   |  5 PagesAdministration states that during the Great Depression era, â€Å"...the federal government did prohibit a married couple from both holding government jobs, and as late as 1939, legislatures in 26 states considered laws limiting married womens work. Both men and women believed that married women should give up their jobs if their husbands wanted them to. 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When the animals stop taking this new form of birth control, their sperm rebound and they are able to produce perfectly healthy offspring once again.This compound produces a rapidRead MoreSummary Of Of Mice And Men Essay2240 Words   |  9 PagesQueenie Lau Mrs. Moskovitz English IH- Period 5 20 May 2016 Of Mice and Men Ap Book Report 1. Title of Work: Of Mice and Men 2. Author and Date Written: The book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† was written in 1937 by John Steinbeck, which was during the Great Depression in the 1930s. The Great Depression caused many to lose their jobs and their homes in a short period of time. Few were rich during this time and those who had no money starved. Approximately 25% of people during the Great Depression had no jobsRead MoreThe Colors Of Racism By John Steinbeck And Of Mice And Men 1330 Words   |  6 Pages The Colors of Racism in Of Mice and Men The struggle of racism in America is one which has been regularized in American society. 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Candy’s dog and Lennie are two characters that do so perhaps the most significantly, although in the case of Candy’s dog it is slightly less obvious as he’s not given much of a personality. Upon digging deeper into these two characters,Read MoreThe Philosophy Of Environmentalism In Ecotopia, By Ernest Callenbach1252 Words   |  6 Pagesissues. Ecotopia draws upon this time-frame in an almost self-aware manner, giving it the ability to translate into the 21st century quite appropriately. This awareness allows it to establish the tone of not only an inspirational novel, but a social commentary as well. The story begins with Times-Post journalist William Weston receiving an assignment to infiltrate Ecotopia, an independent country composed of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California. Seceding from the United States in 1980, the country

Analysis of Model Selection and Model Testing

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Model Selection and Model Testing. Answer: Introduction: In the present case Mingalabar Inc is considering setting up a manufacturing unit in Myanmar. Capital budgeting is employed to analyze the risk and returns and thereby the financial feasibility of the project. In this respect of this project the biggest risk is that the company may not earn the returns as estimated and the project may fail (Bierman and Smidt, 2014). The risk of not earning the estimated returns may be due to the following factors: Inflation as estimated by the company in analyzing the project may increase in future resulting in reduction in the value of investments. The interest rates may rise in the future making the borrowings more costly and thus, reducing the profits earned by the company. There may be rise in the prices of the materials and labor over and above the anticipations of the company. Further, the company may not achieve the estimated demand or there be sudden hike in the competition resulting in market loss. The political conditions in Myanmar may also change in future resulting affecting the company adversely. The arbitrage pricing model (APM) provides the basis for computation of the theoretical return that is to be used in estimating the theoretical prices of the securities. The model postulates the mechanism to pave the way to determine the percentage return that an investor would expect by investing in a particular security or asset (Bhatti, Shanfari, and Hossain, 2006). In the determination of the expected return, the consideration of the risk attached with the investment is of paramount importance. However, different models provide different ways to incorporate the element of risk in determination of the expected return. As per the arbitrage pricing theory, the risk is not related to a single factor; rather it correlates with multiple factors. Those multiple factors may not necessarily be specific to the security being valued directly, but certainly affect the return on security in some or other way. Thus, apart from beta, consideration of the multiple factors such as gross domestic product, inflation, and interest rates was necessary, which was made possible by the APM (Rasiah and Kim, 2011). As discussed above, the arbitrage pricing model works on multifactor basis, therefore, the theoretical/expected return is computed by applying these multiple factors (Rasiah and Kim, 2011). The theoretical return in respect of a security under APM is determined by applying the equation given below: E(rj) = rf+bj1RP1+bj2RP2+bj3RP3+bj4RP4+..+bjnRPn Where, E(rj) = Theoretical/ expected return on security rf = Risk free rate bj = Sensitivity index RP = Risk premium of multiple factors Thus, it could be observed from the equation given above that the risk free rate is increased by the proportionate risk premium of multiple factors. Generally, the risk factors considered for computation of the return range from three to four involving GDP, inflation, and interest rates (Focardi and Fabozzi, 2004). The capital asset pricing model was in use before the arbitrage pricing model coming into use for computation of the theoretical return and security valuation. The capital asset pricing model was considered to be quite effective in incorporating the risk element in determination of the theoretical return (Wang and Xia, 2012). Though, this model was effective, but it was based on the single factor that is beta. Beta represents the sensitivity of the return on a particular security relative to the market as a whole. However, the risk of a security does not necessarily depend entirely on beta. There are other macroeconomic as well as security specific factors that affect the risk of the security. Therefore, the incorporation of the risk in computation of the theoretical return was considered by the Economists imperfect in the CAPM model. In order to overcome this imperfection in the CAPM model, the arbitrage pricing model was innovated with the consideration of the multiple factors in d etermination of the risk (Stowe, 2007). Apart from application of the multiple factors, the APM model is completely based on the premises set out in the CAPM model. Thus, the arbitrage pricing model is considered to be an extension of the CAPM model (Stowe, 2007). There are various advantages of the APM as claimed by the proponents of the APT theory. The biggest advantage of this model is that the investor is compensated for all the risks because of consideration of the multiple factors. Further, the proponents claim that the analysts are not required to make many more assumptions while applying APM because this model already takes into consideration a wide range of factors. The APM model provides a fair determination of the theoretical return, which results in fair valuation of the security. Thus, the probability that the decisions taken by the investors would be right is increased when APM is applied in decision making (Stowe, 2007). Though, the innovation of the arbitrage pricing model was appreciated by the world, but this model has certain disadvantages. The most crucial among them is the difficulty in applying this model in practical situations. Since, the model considers multiple factors, thus, the analytical exercise is also extended to a greater extent. The determination of the proportion of a particular risk factor in computing the return in APM may be subjective in certain situations (Stowe, 2007). Valuation of a Security Factors which affect the return of the security Sensitivity Index Risk premium (%) Sensitivity * Risk premium GNP 0.80 2.00% 1.60% Inflation 0.80 1.50% 1.20% Interest rate 1.30 2.00% 2.60% Market Index 1.20 5.00% 6.00% Industrial production 1.00 1.00% 1.00% 12.40% Add: Risk free rate 5.00% Return as per APM 17.40% Valuation of portfolio Input data Actual portfolio return 10% Expected return on portfolio 15% Risk free rate 4% Beta 1.15 Sensitivity to GDP 1.20 Proportion of Beta in total systematic risk of portfolio 0.60 Proportion of Sensitivity to GDP in total systematic risk of portfolio 0.40 Output data: Theoretical Return on Portfolio 1 Risk premium 5.00% 2 Beta*proportion in systematic risk 0.69 3 Sensitivity to GDP*proportion in systematic risk 0.48 4 Return (1*2*3) 1.66% 5 Risk free rate 4.00% 6 Theoretical Return on Portfolio (4+5) 5.66% References Bhatti, M.I., Shanfari, H.A., and Hossain, M.Z. 2006. Econometric Analysis of Model Selection and Model Testing. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Bierman, H. and Smidt, S. 2014. Advanced Capital Budgeting: Refinements in the Economic Analysis of Investment Projects. Routledge. Focardi, S.M. and Fabozzi, F.J. 2004. The Mathematics of Financial Modeling and Investment Management. John Wiley Sons. Rasiah, D. and Kim, P. 2011. The effectiveness of arbitrage pricing model in modern financial theory. International journal of economics, 2(3), pp. 125-135. Stowe, J.D. 2007. Equity Asset Valuation. John Wiley Sons. Wang, S. and Xia, Y. 2012. Portfolio Selection and Asset Pricing. Springer Science Business Media.

Lady Catherine Essay Example

Lady Catherine Paper In Pride and Prejudice the main target of Austens is satire, are the characters with money and the characters that have to prove their position because they feel they deserve respect due to their money and position. Also Jane Austen uses religious hypocrisy, snobbery and the concept of proper social conduct to show her personal views of society. She didnt believe the idea that education and money resulted in intelligence. In Austens time, religion was predominately Christian and so most people would go to church and also one of the most popular jobs then was a clergyman. At the top of the social scale were the aristocracies: they had titles, owned land and did not work. Then below them were the gentries: they inherited their fortunes and did not work. In Austens day, women of the gentry were almost entirely dependent on men. The only employment they were likely to get was to become governess and this was not viewed as a satisfactory way of life. Most women who did not marry remained financially dependent on their male relatives, like Jane Austen. Through marriage, a woman could have her own house and enjoy some status in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Catherine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Catherine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Catherine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Austen ignored the Napoleonic wars raging over in France at the time because they simply didnt affect her directly, despite occasional propaganda; there was little chance that Napoleon would invade Britain. Austen turned down many marriage proposals because they werent for love, and she firmly believed that people should marry for love, not money. In the novel she makes her opinions known through the narrative comments as well as the protagonist opinions. During the first ball in the book, the characters involved immediately attempt to cement their position in society. Lady Catherine is a prime example of Jane Austens satire. This is because as discussed earlier in the introduction, Austen clearly does not approve with the notion that money equals intelligence. Nevertheless, many believed this notion at the time and Austen portrays this through the characterisation of Lady Catherine. Firstly, we hear about Lady Catherine through the dejected Mr. Collins who boasts to the Bennets about her. Bounty and beneficence has preferred me to the valuable rectory of this parish. (p51) Lady Catherine is shown to be a woman who believes that due to her social status and her substantial fortune, her opinions and instructions should be followed without question. For example she is happy to use, what she presumes to be, her superior knowledge of social etiquette to assist the less fortunate such as Mr. Collins. Austen does not agree with this opinion and shows this through the satire of Lady Catherines instructions to people about how they can better themselves. This is explored further when Lady Catherine bestows these comments onto equally ridiculous characters, such as Mr. Collins who comments that these instructions give him superior society (p178). These humorous subtleties allow Austens social analysis of such people to be shown in a comic manner. Austen also shows her opinion of Lady Catherine through the description, Her air was not conciliating such as to make her visitors forget their inferior rank whatever she said, was spoken in so authoritative a tone, as marked her self- importance. (p135) This satirical instance of characterisation shows again how Austen creates intricate characters which we can assume are based on her personal findings of such people. Lady Catherine frequently speaks to Elizabeth in a condescending manner. Elizabeth however, being Austens sensible character responds to Lady Catherine using sharp wit and satire. Elizabeth suspected herself to be the first creature who had ever dared to trifle with so much dignified impertinence. (p138) Later in the novel, Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth about Darcy and forbids the marriage not knowing whether Elizabeth has accepted the proposal or not. This suggests that she believes those who are beneath her in social status should do as she instructs.

Effective Management in International Business Lessons from Four Seasons Expansion to France

Effective Management in International Business Lessons from Four Seasons Expansion to France Introduction Managing in an international business presents unique challenges due to differences in aspects such as culture and legislation among countries. For instance, a manager from a monochronic culture (e.g. North America) may find it challenging to work with employees from a polychronic culture (e.g. France) due to their different perceptions of time.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Effective Management in International Business: Lessons from Four Seasons’ Expansion to France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The monochronic-oriented manager would, for instance, focus on individual goals, sequentially, while the polychronic-oriented employees would be more comfortable working on multiple goals simultaneously (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003; Nardon Steers 2009). With respect to legislation, differences in legislation, for instance on labor and environment, may imply different operating costs for an en tity. This report analyzes how Four Seasons managed such dynamics when it expanded its services to France, to operate the Four Seasons Hotel George V Paris as reported in the case study by Hallowell, Bowen and Knoop (2003). Four Seasons has had a phenomenal history of operating luxury hotels and resorts as evidenced by its performance from 1996 through 2000. During this period, its revenues increased at a compound rate of 22.6% annually, with the operating margins increasing by approximately 9% (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003, p. 1). The entity’s revenue per room was also higher than the industry average in the U.S. and Europe (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Such success was ensured by its effective management approach and well-informed principles that guided its international growth. Despite this success, its entry into France was challenging; for instance, labor legislation in France lowered working hours for employees, while the French cultural-orientation differed significa ntly from cultures in the other regions in which Four Seasons had existing operations (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). This report assesses how four seasons overcame such challenges. Following the introduction, the report evaluates the appropriateness of management approach used to open the Parisian hotel, the core values demonstrated by various members of Four Seasons, and the impact of management approach on service delivery. The conclusion subsequently identifies the key aspects discussed throughout the report.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Four Seasons Approach when Opening Parisian Hotel The appropriateness of the management approach used by Four Seasons to open its operations in France was evident from factors such as awareness of French culture, adaptation to such a culture, and the principles that conferred the hotel with the ability to drive change. These aspects are highlighted in subsequent sections. Cultural awareness and adaptation Differences in cultures among countries affects aspects such as negotiations, communication, trust, commitment and cooperation (Hurn 2007; Wendt, Euwema van Emmerik 2009), hence may lead to unfavorable performance for an entity (Mullen Copper 1994; Pillai Williams 2004). Following the realization that cultural distance influences business outcomes, the need for managers to have an awareness of cultures in countries in which they run business activities has necessitated such practices as cultural training to ease adjustment to foreign cultures (Waxin Pannaccio 2005; Causin, Ayoun Moreo 2011). The awareness of Four Seasons management about cultural orientation of the French was primarily evident in the choice of the entry mode. For instance, by recognizing the opportunity that hotel George V presented, Four Seasons mnagement was able to avoid liabilities such as the label of a foreign entity t hat could influence its start-up performance. Such approach prevented an unsuccessful entry into the French market that had been a characteristic of other American entities such as Disney (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Additionally, Four Seasons’ management cultural awareness was evident with their choice of a French interior designer to overcome the challenges imposed by the choice of George V. The George V opportunity presented a challenge of establishing the appropriate balance between maintaining George V’s reputation and rebuilding the premises to meet preferences of contemporary visitors (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). By choosing a designer familiar with the French people’s perception of aspects such as luxury, thus capable of capturing the symbolism attached to the old hotel while creating a new look that would better customer satisfaction, the entity was able to enhance the hotel’s reputation with contemporary visitors while and retain the reput ation that hotel George V held (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Other instances that indicate cultural awareness and adaptation were related to the entity’s adherence to employment legislation existing in France and its hiring of a non-Four Seasons executive chef (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Effective Management in International Business: Lessons from Four Seasons’ Expansion to France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whereas the chef had challenges meeting expectations of contemporary visitors (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003), hiring such an individual with experience in French cuisine helped to reinforce the perspective of Four Seasons being a French palace hotel. Ability to drive change and Impact on Performance Four seasons opening of their Parisian hotel faced various cultural challenges due to differences in culture between North America and France. For instanc e, the managers faced challenges in the process of performance evaluation since the French culture did not favor a direct and explicit approach to discussing employees’ weaknesses, an approach that would be easy to apply in their North American establishments (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Similarly, whereas front-line and middle managers in North America assumed more responsibility and accountability for their roles, such managers in France tended to refer accountability for their decisions and policies to their superiors (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Other conflicting cultural aspects included the differences in perception of time and the French emotional way of doing tasks, which could, on the negative, result into the French temper lashing out (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Such differences implied that whereas Four Seasons management needed to adjust to some aspects of the French culture, in other aspects they would need to implement strategies that would help in cul tural transmission to help the entity meet its principle of providing services based on globally uniform standards. The approach taken by the management in opening the French hotel indicated the ability of Four Seasons to drive change. The entity for instance had established a strategy that enhanced cultural transformation to meet its established standards.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The entity’s strategy for instance encouraged the development of the right attitude to work by promoting employees who remained committed to the appropriate culture and attitude (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Eventually, such employees would form a critical mass that would form force required to achieve a cultural transformation for the whole entity. To achieve such a cultural-transforming effect in France, Four seasons hired individuals with prior experience working in North America; such individuals helped to demystify negative perception of the North-American aspects of culture that Four seasons intended to introduce at hotel George V (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Similarly, the managers hired had experience in other Four Seasons operations thus could help in training the employees on the expected standards of service (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). The cultural transformation was also aided by the direct involvement of top management as exemplified by the general manag ers (Le Calvez) encouraging the use of first names, an aspect that was rare in the French culture (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). The ability of the Four Seasons management to drive change was evident with changes in quality rating reported following second audit of quality of service at the hotel. In the first audit, various drawbacks to quality service included: staff’s inappropriate attitude, inability to sell the entity’s services and preoccupation with rules and policy to guide their actions (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). During the second audit, such aspects had given way to exemplary service that led to a quality rating comparable to other Four Seasons establishments (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Additionally, such an effect was notable in the high staff satisfaction with their job at Four Seasons as revealed via an Employee Opinion Survey (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Core Values Instilled in Four Seasons Team The successful opening and favorable performan ce of Four Seasons establishment in France resulted from various core values the entity entrenched in its staff. Among these values is the human resources’ â€Å"Golden Rule† that stipulates that staff ought to treat each other as they would wish to be treated (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). The top management demonstrates this principle for instance by inviting employees and their families to an open door event at the hotel for about three times a year (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Additionally, the human resource approach that rewarded employees based only on meritocracy evidenced the application of this rule. Further, such a value was evident in Le Calvez’s approach of encouraging the use of first name to create a more-relaxed environment that ensured effective communication among employees at different levels of the organization’s hierarchy (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Four Seasons favorable performance was also a factor of the entity insisting o n each employee rendering professional service to the clients. Such is evident, for instance, with the stipulation that there should not have been a reason to offer below-par service to the customer (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). For instance, managers in Four Seasons were noted to routinely help in clearing the restaurant tables in passing (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Such an act avoided cases where staff shortage would result into a lower level of service thus lowering customer satisfaction with the entity’s service. The performance of four seasons was further aided by the strong allegiance of employees to the entity. For instance, Four Seasons had a low staff turnover with some employees staying with the firm for a period extending over 25 years (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). The general manager appointed to head the entity’s operations in France had been with Four Seasons for such a lengthy period having been an employee at The Pierre in New York, a hotel oper ated by Four Seasons, for 11 years (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Finally, Four Seasons performance derived from its promotion of diverse cultures but maintaining uniform standards. Such diversity in cultures was, for instance, evident in the observation that the entity’s top managers were comfortable in various international settings (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Through such knowledge, the managers could help employees learn about different cultures thus alleviating the challenges associated with cultural adjustment in foreign operations. Impact of Management Approach on Service Delivery The Four Seasons’ management approach enhances the service delivery within its establishments since it offers the motivation that employees need to remain committed to organizational goals. Such an effect is evident with the improvement in quality rating during the second audit of Four Seasons’ Parisian hotel (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). For instance, allowing middle and front-line managers to become accountable and responsible for decisions at their points of work (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003), empowers them to develop innovative approaches that better business outcomes (Cohen 2004; Burke et al., 2006). The management approach also supported the goals and principles of Four Seasons in a variety of ways. By instituting a cultural transformation, the management for instance sought to establish the attitude and behaviors that would result into a globally uniform service, irrespective of the location of the establishment. Such an approach reflected on Four Seasons’ notion of establishing service based on globally uniform standards, irrespective of the location of the establishment (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Additionally, by basing employee promotion and rewards on meritocracy, the management practiced the human resources’ golden rule which stipulated that each employee was to treat others according to the treatment that one would e xpect from them (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). Four Seasons’ approach to improve communication among employees at various levels of the organization, through such ways as employees’ meetings with the general manager, improved the capacity of the entity to deliver intelligent, anticipatory and enthusiastic service as envisioned in the entity’s principles (Hallowell, Bowen Knoop 2003). For instance, the improved communication helps in identifying potential risks that could lower the service provision at the entity, thus help in initiating timely corrective actions. Conclusion Wide cultural and legislative differences between the home and host country present a barrier to the establishment of effective management practices in the host country. This report evaluates how Four Seasons, a company with roots in North America, was able to manage such challenges in its operations in France. Factors such as management’s cultural awareness, adaptation and capacity to institute change, helped Four Seasons to open and run its operations in France successfully. The management’s cultural awareness was for instance noted in incorporating features of the French culture during the renovations and hiring of French individuals such as a chef to enhance cultural learning. Nevertheless, due to conflicting aspects between the French culture and Four Seasons established norms, the entity’s ability to institute change was the core determinant of success. Such change was established through ways such as hiring individuals with experience working in North America, who would act as the foundation for the transformation other employees’ attitudes. The management experience and skills were also critical in ensuring success of Four Seasons in France. Managerial aspects that enhanced Four Seasons outcomes included empowering middle and front-line managers to make decisions at their place of work, establishing effective communication channels at all levels of the organization’s hierarchy and sharing the commitment to the principles envisaged in the entity’s goals. Through such aspects, the entity’s quality rating had improved to levels comparable with existing establishment by the time the second quality audit was performed. References Burke, CS, Stagl, KC, Klein, C, Goodwin, GF, Salas, E Halpin, SM 2006, ‘What type of leadership behaviors are functional in teams?A meta-analysis’, The Leadership Quarterly, vol. 17, pp. 288-307. Causin, GF, Ayoun, B Moreo, P 2011, ‘Expatriation in the hotel industry: an exploratory study of management skills and cultural training’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 23, no. 7 Cohen, AR 2004 ‘Building a company of leaders’, Leader to Leader, vol. 34, pp.16-20. Web. Hallowell, R, Bowen, D Knoop, CI 2003, ‘Four Seasons goes to Paris: â€Å"53 properties, 24 countries, 1 philosophy†Ã¢â‚ ¬â„¢, Harvard Business Review, Case 9-803-069. Hurn, BJ 2007, ‘The influence of culture on international business negotiations’, Industrial and Commercial Training, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 354-360. Mullen, B Copper, C 1994, ‘The relationship between group cohesiveness and performance: An integration’, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 210-227. Nardon, L Steers, RM 2009, ‘The culture theory jungle: divergence and convergence in models of national culture’, Cultural Foundations (part 1) in Cambridge handbook of culture, organizations, and work, eds RS Bhagat RM Steers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3-23. Web. Pillai, R Williams, EA 2004, ‘Transformational leadership, self-efficacy, group cohesiveness, commitment and performance’, Journal of Organization Change, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 144-159. Waxin, MF Panaccio, A 2005, ‘Cross-cultural training to facilitate expatriate adjustment: it works! Personnel Revie w, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 51-67. Wendt, H, Euwema, MC van Emmerick, IJH 2009, ‘Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures’, The Leadership Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 358-370.

Cultural Significance Associated with Interior Designs Essay

Cultural Significance Associated with Interior Designs - Essay Example It is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of spatial volume as well as surface treatment. Interior design draws on aspects of environmental psychology, architecture, and product design in addition to traditional decoration. It is a creative practice analyzing programmatic information, establishes a conceptual direction, refines the design direction, and produces graphic communication and construction documents. The principle of interior design varies region to region as the difference of their cultural uniqueness. It intensely involves a strong belief system as part of the cultural significance that distinguishes its originality. Fang Sui in China, Vastu Shatra in India are live instances from the occidental nations while we can take the example of Gothic mode of aesthetics in design in western context. As interior design is closely associated with the field of Architecture, it is a blend of technological input in the flavor of aesthetics in the construction field. The quintessential aspect of interior design in case of cultural significance is the thematic expression of the graphic visualization. Interior designers may perform various activities, it primarily attaches to particular cult of tastes. Therefore, it cannot set a pattern of uniform principles as a profession. Its function includes research and analyzes client's goals and requirements, along with the developing the design documents, drawings and diagrams that outline those needs and to formulate the preliminary space plans and the two- and three-dimensional design concept studies and sketches that integrate the client's needs based on knowledge of interior design principles and theories of human behavior. It further focuses the conformity of preliminary space plans and design concepts are considered safe, functional, aesthetically appropriate, in addition to confirming that these elements meet all public health, safety and welfare requirements, including code, accessibility, environmental and sustainability guidelines. Among the priority of this job, we need to select colors, materials and finish the design concept to meet socio-psychological, functional, maintenance, life-cycle performance, environmental and safety requirements. The furniture, fixtures, equipment and millwork that are aligned with the design concept, including layout drawings and detailed product description are in need to collaborate with allied design professionals. They provide additional consulting services for the design project, including, but not limited to, architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers and electrical engineers, in addition to various specialty consultants retained for the design project. Hence, there lies the integration of Interior Design as an independent discipline in the academics. SPECIALIZATION IN INTERIOR DESIGNING Interior designers can specialize in a particular interior design discipline, such as residential and commercial design, with some developing expertise within a niche design area such as

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Marketing - Assignment Example Determining univariate expectedness is useful when assessing multivariate status, because one can do so justified with a miniature distribution size and because univariate expectedness is a needed premise for multivariate status. In a bivariate similitude, we liken each humans rancor on two measures, so we are thinking in iii dimensions-the X-axis, Y-axis and a 3rd alinement to resist frequency of scores. The asset of proceedings from a univariate to bivariate to multivariate test of the data is that much a work provides expedient substance on which interdependent variables to use before conducting a multivariate psychotherapy (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001). The chief summary is an overview of your entire line drawing and should change readers with the notion that the activity is capably run, and has vim and ebullience. It is a synopsis of the important points of your line programme, lightness the key features. This is ordinarily the oldest piece of your plan that potential investors give feature and it moldiness be newsworthy and terse (Guffey & Loewy, 2010). Getting the head summary rightist is critical for any activity perception for investments and

Macbeth by Shakespeare

Macbeth by Shakespeare Macbeth , written by Shakespeare, is a tragic play written around 1050 A.D. In this catastrophic play, the symbol of blood is mentioned differently several times. Shakespeare uses intricate imagery with the association of the word, blood. This specific word is significant because he uses the word creatively to develop the character of Macbeth and the unfortunate events that occur in the play. The word, blood, is mentioned about forty-two times and ironically the word, fear, also appears forty-two times in the play. As Macbeths character fluctuates throughout the play, the powerful emblematic meaning of the word, blood, changes from the beginning to the end as well. Once Macbeth and Lady Macbeth start their murderous journey, blood soon emerges into a symbol of their guiltiness. They both begin to feel that their appalling crimes have forever stained their lives. The first mention of blood seems to establish the significance of honor. Next, the second allusion of blood shows a terribl e example of betrayal. Lastly, the third reference of blood appears to establish the sense of guiltiness. Therefore, all of these different kinds of images of blood help develop the atmosphere and scene and as well contribute to the over all drama of the play. To begin with, the first allusion of blood in Macbeth is based upon honor. Near the beginning of the scene two in act one, a bleeding sergeant appears on the stage. It is known that Macbeth and the Scottish army defeated Macdonwalds army. The sergeant continues with his description of the battle and how Macbeth and Macbeths friend, Banquo fought bravely, â€Å"For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name- / Disdaining fortune, with his brandishd steel / Which smokd with bloody execution, / Like valors minion carvd out his passage† (1.2.19-21). In this specific passage of the play, the allusion of blood is a symbol of bravery and courage. Heroic blood shed for a noble deed is known to be the good kind of blood. On the other hand, Macbeths character changes drastically throughout the unfortunate events in the play by the allegory of the blood he sheds. Before Duncans murder, Macbeth had a horrific vision of a dagger floating in the air in front of him, Macbeth describes intrica tely, â€Å"†¦and on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, / Which was not so before. Theres no such thing: / It is the bloody business which informs / Thus to mine eyes† (2.1.46-49). The blood imagery in this passage obviously refers to betrayal and murder. This is a dire contrast to what blood symbolized in the beginning of the play. Blood was once seen as a positive merit, but is now associated with the darkness of evil. This imagery also shows the beginning of Macbeths character transformation of nobility and bravery into treachery and evilness. After Macbeth murders Duncan, he begins to realize the severity of his crime as he tries to wash Duncans blood off his hands, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? No; this hand will rather / The multitudinous seas incarnadine, / Making the green one red. (Act II, Scene 2, Lines 71-75) This passage illustrates the act of murder has changed Macbeths character. No longer does the blood connote an image of ambition; it now symbolizes guilt, remorse, and an entry into the gates of hell from which no one can return. Macbeth laments that not even all the water in the ocean will wash the blood off his hands, he is beginning to realize the magnitude of his crime, and that he has done something truly evil. This same blood symbolism continues when Macbeth, shortly after he sees the ghost of the murdered Banquo at his feast, goes into a state of shock and has to be escorted back to his chamber by Lady Macbeth. He tells Lady Macbeth before he goes to sleep, All cau ses shall give way: I am in blood / Steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, / Returning were as tedious as go oer: (Act III, Scene 4, Lines 159-161) Like her husband, the once ambitious Lady Macbeth finally realizes the significance of associating herself in the murder plot, and the severe repercussions it will bring. Tormented by nightmares, she sleepwalks through her bedroom and cries, What, will these hands neer be clean?†¦Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of / Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. (Act V, Scene 1, Lines 40, 46-47) The blood imagery exhibits Lady Macbeths guilt over Duncans murder. Her hallucinations of blood on her hands and her constant efforts to wash it off demonstrate that the agony of having guilty feelings is causing her to go insane. We later learn that this guilt strains her mind to the point that she commits suicide. We now find that Macbeth has entered so far into hell and the world of evil, it is impossible for him to return to righteousness. He will be forced to kill more and more people in order to retain control of the throne. The sins he has committed have not only perverted his virtuous life, but have condemned him to an eternity in hell. There is no chance of redemption; he has permanently allied himself with the forces of evil. In the plays final scene, Macduff confronts Macbeth to avenge the murders of his children and his wife at Macbeths hand, and to see Malcolm established as the rightful King. As Malcolm sees Macbeth, he exclaims, I have no words: / My voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain / Than terms can give thee out! (Act V, Scene 8, Lines 8-10) Shakespeare uses this blood imagery to enhance the audiences understanding of Macbeths character. The audience has now witnessed the complete transformation of Macbeth. He begins as a noble, just and brave person, to becoming evil , ambitious, and treacherous during Duncans murder, to his final feelings of remorse for his crime and finally, to the realization that he will be punished for his sins.

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man - Artistic Development :: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man   Artistic Development A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man had various themes which covered many areas. The primary theme of the novel is the artistic development of the artist, Stephen, and this relates specifically to the artist’s development in the life of a national language. Stephen experiences many voices of Ireland as well as those of the writers of his education. Out of all these voices emerges Stephen’s aesthetic theory and his desire to find his own manner of expression. Stephen develops his own voice as a way of escaping these constraints. One of the main constraints on the artist as Joyce depicts his life is the Roman Catholic Church. However, it is both a constraint and an enabling condition for the artist’s development. First, the Jesuit education Stephen receives, gives him a thorough grounding in the classical and medieval thinkers. It also structures Stephen’s life in such a way that it provides him with a basis for his own development as a moral and intellectual person. In relation to his eventual development of a theory of art or an aesthetic theory, Stephen fully draws on this tradition. He uses two central doctrines of the church in this theory. First, he revises the doctrine into a way of imagining the relationship between art and the world it describes. When Stephen develops his theory, he thinks of himself as taking on the role of a "priest of eternal imagination, transmuting the daily bread of experience into the radiant body of everliving life." The second use of Catholic doctrine or tradit ion relates to its creation of a priesthood, a class of men separate from the world who act as intermediaries between the deity and the people. In Stephen’s idea of the artist, he is priestlike, performing the miracle of turning life into art. Joyce is in good company when he uses techniques to drive a wedge in the totalizing authority of the church and in other forms of seriousness, even the artist’s own. When Stephen is discoursing learnedly on his aesthetic theory, his friend Lynch critisizes him. He brings lust into the picture of how and why art is created. He laughs at Stephen’s deadly serious use of the scholastics to develop a theory of art. Earlier in the novel, when Mrs. Dante Riordan is condemning Parnell and supporting his excommunication from the Catholic church, Mr.

Independence of Student in University Life

Independence of Student in University Life â€Å"Away from home†, a rather simple and common phrase that is no stranger to most of the university students whom are studying overseas. Since young, as a child, we were living under the shades of our parents, handled with care in their hands. For them, we are as precious as diamonds, being protected under their wings and not knowing how the world look like because everything had been done for us by the love of our parents. Even when problem strikes, parents will definitely be the first to stand up for us and solve these difficulties without having us as children worry about it.Most of us are growing up in this protected environment; we are almost immune from the threats of the world. Bad news is, one day, you will have to leave that comfort zone and explore what the world has for you. That day will come when students are at the age of extending their studies in the overseas. No matter which university they are going, they would no t be able to bring their parents along. They will have to learn to be independent and know how to take care of themselves. It is a journey of life which most of us have to go through.Some may say that university life is a sign of torture because you are leaving your love ones behind, but mostly it is a process of life that helps gain our confidence towards society and letting us be independent and responsible. Many find it hard to achieve independence because most are raised in a perfect environment, which our parents have kindly built for us. Being independent is where you must have self-confident and such belief in yourself that you can achieve anything you have intent to get.Some people are emotionally dependent to their parents. Well, it is not a fault to depend on your parents because they will never steer you wrong and they love you very much. However, sooner or later, you will realize that they will not be there forever whenever you need them because â€Å"flower withers and human perishes†, one must not become overly attached or dependent on their parents but instead exercise self-contained and self-sufficient. Being independent does not mean that you have to abandon your friends and family and draw a line in between.You will still need someone to talk to during tough times and solve issues that you could not settle on your own. Parents and friends are the pillars that support you, even if they could not help you, they will certainly lend you listening ears, to hear you out whenever you need someone. This is normal as we are only human. As students walk into the world, they will face new things that they had never exposed to. Since they are the â€Å"newbies† of the world, it will be difficult for them to differentiate what is right and what is wrong, they will tend to try anything that seems new to them out of curiosity.Therefore, these overseas students must be strong in their stands and not easily swayed by negative activities such as smoking, drugs, vandalism and so on. The activities that they are participating now will definitely be an influence to their future. A wrong step might lead to a narrow or dim future. At this point, it will be the time to reap what our parents have sown into us – to see how much we have absorbed from their teaching and hopefully the roots of it grows deep in us to avoid temptations of life.In order to allow readers to visualize the big picture more clearly, I had personally interviewed 2 students whom are around school leaving age. A hospitality student, Clement Chai, whom is currently 19 years old stated that, â€Å"Well, before coming over to Singapore, my parents already taught me day by day on how to be independent. Basically living with them is already preparing me to live independently†. Another student that I had interviewed was a Korean student, Yee Won Chan. The 18-year-old enthusiastically mentioned that, â€Å"In such a modern country like Korea, I helped m yself to be very independent by learning and memorizing directions.This has helped me a lot whenever I went overseas. I would never miss my school bus as I would always use the right road to get to the bus station and memorizing would always get me back home before the last train. I wouldn't stress myself too much as I know it would only trouble me and so I took things simple and have a simple life at home†. Based on the above interviews, we can determine that learning to be independent is where the parents must learn to let go of their children and letting them make their own decisions as how Clement Chai has stated previously.This in a way will show the kids that different decisions will lead to different consequences and they will have to learn from it. This is all part of the learning process of being independent. A child has to learn that mum and dad are not going to be always there for you. Hence, at one point, they will have to rely on their own abilities to achieve the ir own goals and for that to happen, parents need to allow kids to experience the real world that they aren't always there to fix the problem.Nevertheless, some people might still live with their parents after finishing university, but university is a step forward which will allow them to learn how to be â€Å"on their own† so to say. For example, managing finances, taking care of the car, making sure to have sufficient food and so on. In a nutshell, university is indeed a platform and also a battleground to train students to become more independent. There may be tough times where these students might not be able to have things done on their own. A true testimony will be from me personally, I lived in Kota Kinabalu but for a better study environment, I have to come to Kuala Lumpur.What strikes me the most is the fear of leaving home. My parents used to do everything for me and I did not know how it is like to be out there in the world. But now when I face problem, there is no body there anymore to help me out. In this situation, I have learned to be independent, doing my own chores, solving problems, save money, and also cook my own meal. It is not easy doing all these but one thing for sure, this has turn me into a strong girl who is able to face the society with strength and confident.

Theories Of Personality And Leadership Assessments Essay

Introduction There are multiple theories of personality and leadership assessments that have proven effective in helping individuals achieve their full career potential. The â€Å"Big Five† theory of personality, for example, measures the five broad areas of personality, including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience (Srivastava, 2015). Other types of assessments, such as the more simple leadership assessment we explored, simply measure leadership qualities, such as emotional intelligence and confidence. In exploring a couple of such resources in more depth, such as the leadership assessment provided by the University of Kent’s Career Enhancement Center, as well as the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, it is clear that understanding more about oneself can lead to enhanced career choices. Based on the work of Carl Jung, Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs developed the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, a self-inventory geared toward helping individuals determine their personality types and individual areas of strength. â€Å"By helping people understand themselves, Myers and Briggs believed that they could help people select occupations that were best suited to their personality types and lead healthier, happier lives† (Cherry, 2015). This test, through helping me explore my own personality, likes and dislikes, strengths and weaknesses, and various preferences and compatibilities, has been instrumental in affirming myShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style and Personality Assessment1290 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 Assignment Leadership Style and Personality Assessment Anioushka G-Saint Cyril HA510 Professor Yu-Wei Yang August 4, 2015 There are many leadership styles and is important to know which style you are. 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